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Showing posts with label Red-breasted Nuthatch. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Red-breasted Nuthatch. Show all posts

Saturday, May 20, 2023

052023 Birding On a Shoestring: The Joys of Ohio, Michigan, and Magee Marsh Vicinity, part 1

 

 051123                                                    Mute Swan and Cygnet

These birds were up close and personal, and I was behind the grass stalk that you see, when I was ignored by the parent and the young bird.  Photo was taken in Michigan in the Saline area.



051223                                                           American Redstart

This was one of our boisterous males filled with song.  We were spending our first full day at Magee Marsh at the Black Swamp Bird Observatory, which is a hotspot that the birds refuel at before they continue north to breed, though many do breed here before they either cross over or go around Lake Erie. 



                                                                 Western Palm Warbler

Another good looking male in his breeding dress, which will go with the one that I photographed a couple of years ago for fall migration in Oklahoma.



                                                                      Blackburnian Warbler

This species is usually high in the canopy under normal circumstances, which isn't necessarily the same during spring migration, though it has happened that way.  Look at that fiery yellow-orange coloring!


                                                           Black-throated Blue Warbler

These individuals are fast, and it took several tries to get halfway decent shots.  Isn't he handsome?



                                                                  Rose-breasted Grosbeak

These head a little more west, too, so we get to experience the flow of beauty just west of the Rockies, too.  The females look a lot different, so look them up now before you miss them.


                                                                Eastern Whip-poor-will

These birds are getting harder to find, but we were lucky, today.  Nice clear shot, even as far away as it was.


                                                                      Red-eyed Vireo

This vireo is quite a bit lower, which is fortunate, as they are generally in the upper canopy.  No complaints, here.


                                                          Black-throated Blue Warbler

Here is a second shot of young male bird.  This is the northern subspecies.


051323                                                          Wood Duck (male)

We can't miss this shy beauty.  We were are the marshes with a lot of birds that just did not want to be seen, like multiple Soras.  Many Trumpeter Swans were out here, and eagle's nests were on the outskirts.  One good tern deserved another, but no Arctic Tern was in attendance.



                                                                           Muskrat

This was a good find, as this water denizen just kept getting closer and closer.  How could we refuse? 


                                                                    Trumpeter Swan

Not everyone goes north to breed, as these resident birds like to stick close to home.  The reddish color is from the iron in the soil.



051423                                                 Red-headed Woodpecker pair

Everyone was hoping for Lark Sparrows, as well as other birds in this area.  Just as happy where I was, I had a lot more visitors than the sparrow afficionados, though rumor had it that Henslow's Sparrow was supposed to be in the vicinity, but we didn't come across it.  However, there was plenty of burn areas to keep the invasives in check, and the woodpeckers liked the insects drawn to the burn.



                                                                    Red-breasted Nuthatch

Finally!  This was at Magee Marsh and this character was footloose and fancy free and moved like a rocket.  There were also Black-and-white, one Blackpoll, Prothonotary, and a few other warblers, as well as Green Heron, more Sora, an Eastern Screech owl gray morph, three eaglets in one nest with one youngster about to fledge, Philadelphia Vireo, and more!  Don't worry, more pictures to come! 

Friday, October 5, 2018

Long Term Effects Regarding Late 1960s Eastern Spruce Budworm Outbreak


One of the finest pieces of work in the field of ornithology that I have found was begun in the late 1960s and the effects are still being seen today, including even more research potential regarding the eastern spruce budworm.

One can only imagine that never has such material led to wide reaching data as this, but it continues to excite as well as direct us into more extensive information than thought possible even a half decade later.  History is being written regarding this, even this far in the future with additional crossbill subspecies.

I shall touch upon the highlights and try to fill in the blanks regarding modern eBird data gleaned through public information, as well as include what we may expect in the future with global warming continuing to thwart the avian world.  It is common knowledge that many species of animals, not just birds, are moving in a north and easterly direction.  It will both be interesting and likely shocking to see what the next half century will bring, especially regarding the survival of both generalist and specialist birds, especially along mountain ranges where the crossbills are even likelier to wander into the deep southwestern states and Mexico.

Numerous small scale studies have been put together and expounded upon with then trending spruce budworm defoliation, Christmas Bird Count (CBC), and Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data as a junction of the original phenomena.

It was never dreamed initially that this information would reach such heights in the investigation process, nor that it would affect the movement of seven distinct species by the time it was considered at an end.

It was not suspected that global warming or climate change really existed at the time or how quickly the forward motion of the laying of eggs by the eastern spruce budworm, followed by climactic action could lead to such a large scale defoliation.

Because these infestations became larger over time with the right recipe--warm dry springs and large scale conifer forest with the correct percentage of white spruce, balsam fir, and black spruce--one infestation quickly flowed into another, only enlarging.

As the years passed, one pesticide replaced another to attempt to kill off the budworm, of course to no avail.  Replanting the forest was attempted with likely infected seedlings, large scale fire suppression, and extensive clear cutting all around the eastern portion of the US, where many individuals depended upon wood heat over the winter from southern Canadian provinces, including the New England states.

To make a long story short, there was a forest collapse and many of the dead trees were felled.  Outbreaks were minimized with the planting of least susceptible trees like jack pines and black spruce, but this change also affected birds that preferred living and nesting within the balsam fir.  At that time, the rare irruptions of Black-capped Chickadee and Red-breasted Nuthatch, occurred in a synchronized manner, and it was assumed that since food sources collapsed, the affected birds would seek sustenance elsewhere.

Ebird as well as CBC data was utilized, picking up trends of irruptions which went from every other year to some that were more or less often, and affected other birds such as Red- and White-winged Crossbills, Evening Grosbeak, Pine Siskin, and Purple Finch.  The finches and grosbeaks followed the increase of the budworm expansion, which the other five species increased and decreased inversely.

The interesting thing about the Black-capped Chickadee irruptions was the fact that it was discovered that they shared three contact zones with the Carolina Chickadee and hybridized as intermediate species, as a result of the events.

The Boreal Chickadee, which is even more northern than the other two, also got in on the action and periodically came to southern New England, New York and Pennsylvania as well as the south central states as another irruptive species.

The Pine Grosbeak was believed to have come south at the end of the budworm infestation and it was caused by destruction of the Boreal Forest.  This was why it appears that it has not been continual.

The crossbills are believed to have declined due to large scale budworm destruction, but these days, Red Crossbills have a much larger range than the White-winged Crossbill ever did with their current ten species.  The white-winged Crossbill never had such a large irruptive pattern.

There were also spruce budworm warblers, like the Bay-breasted, Blackpoll, Cape May, and Tennessee Warblers.  They will still periodically show up during outbreaks in the southern states.

So, in a nutshell, we are still observing from time to time, the aftereffects of many birds that were initially affected by the change in their habitats.  They are still predisposed to wander as irruptives as the circumstances dictate.

I wish to thank Nicholas Bolgiano, Zach, Falls, Erskine, Morse, Crawford, Jennings, Hagan, Hussell, Patten, Burger, Sauer, Blais, Raske, Kettela, and the many other individuals that invested the thousands of man hours in order for us all to benefit from their tireless efforts for the good of ornithology.  You are all a credit to your schools and your research papers that opened the doors for us all.  May we remotely aspire to your teachings.

For More Information on the Red-breasted Nuthatch:

https://debhirt.blogspot.com/2018/10/oklahoma-irruptive-species-profile-red.html

For More Information on the Pine Siskin:

https://debhirt.blogspot.com/2018/10/oklahoma-irruptive-species-profile-pine.html


Thursday, October 4, 2018

Oklahoma Irruptive Species Profile: Red-breasted Nuthatch




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One of the smallest songbirds with the classic steel-blue upperparts and orange breast and belly, the Red-breasted Nuthatch is either in your face at feeders, or a distant tease with that nasal call.

A few Oklahoma residents are already predicting  an invasion, which may or may not come to pass, but if food is scarce for them already in the northern hinterlands, they could be getting interested in the Great Plains as a possible range expansion vector.

Known for a strong interest in the spruce budworm, this nuthatch can almost smell them for their weight in gold.  During the massive budworm infestation of the 1970s in the Boreal Forest wildness, a change was created in forestry over a ten year period that still lasts today with irruptive migrant behavior.  Tied in with this species, it also includes the Evening Grosbeak, Black-capped Chickadee, both crossbills, Pine Siskin and more on the tail end of the phenomena.  This will be discussed in the next section.  For more information, see:  https://debhirt.blogspot.com/2018/10/long-term-effects-regarding-late-1960s.html



Red-breasted Nuthatch
Wikipedia


The species has already increased its range in a southward moving by nesting in ornamental conifers, especially in mature forest, which is required for nesting sites in decaying wood.  Like its white-breasted cousin and others, this nuthatch is known for hitching backward down trees.

The future of this bird over the next several decades to half century will be in a northerly direction.  However, areas with conifers will always win out, be it north or south.  Therefore, there will be much more range loss in summer than in the winter.

Known for its friendless and lack of fear toward humans, if one stands still in its favored zone, it will come quite close.